{"id":16190,"date":"2025-10-31T06:07:22","date_gmt":"2025-10-31T06:07:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/quartz-grinding.com\/?p=16190"},"modified":"2025-10-31T06:12:30","modified_gmt":"2025-10-31T06:12:30","slug":"the-past-and-present-of-quartz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.quartz-grinding.com\/vi\/the-past-and-present-of-quartz\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ea1ch anh"},"content":{"rendered":"

th\u1ea1ch anh<\/a> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 \u0111a n\u0103ng nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, t\u1eeb x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao. \u0110\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1eeb kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t th\u00f4 th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9t m\u1ecbn, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n th\u1ea1ch anh. m\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n<\/a> tr\u1edf n\u00ean thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu. Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a th\u1ea1ch anh l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c h\u1ebft ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m kho\u00e1ng v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ea1ch anh (SiO\u2082) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t oxit c\u1ee7a silic c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac khung. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea1ch anh \u03b1 (th\u1ea1ch anh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p, h\u1ec7 ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng) v\u00e0 th\u1ea1ch anh \u03b2 (th\u1ea1ch anh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, h\u1ec7 l\u1ee5c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng), v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 573\u00b0C. Th\u1ea1ch anh kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea1ch anh \u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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th\u1ea1ch anh \u03b1 v\u00e0 th\u1ea1ch anh \u03b2<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trong ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i kho\u00e1ng v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc, th\u1ea1ch anh thu\u1ed9c l\u1edbp oxit v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m th\u1ea1ch anh. \u0110\u00f4i khi, do v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00fat c\u1ee7a silicat, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 silicat. Nh\u00f3m th\u1ea1ch anh bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea1ng \u0111a h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a SiO\u2082 nh\u01b0 th\u1ea1ch anh, cristobalit, tridymit, coesit v\u00e0 stishovit, trong \u0111\u00f3 hai d\u1ea1ng sau l\u00e0 pha \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao.
Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a th\u1ea1ch anh l\u00e0 100% SiO\u2082, ho\u1eb7c Si 46,74% v\u00e0 O 53,26%. Th\u1ea1ch anh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i tinh khi\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t v\u1ebft nh\u01b0 Al, K, Na, Li, Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ti, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, B, P do s\u1ef1 thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 khung m\u1edf c\u1ee7a th\u1ea1ch anh SiO\u2082 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ea5p l\u00e0 2,65. Tuy nhi\u00ean, li\u00ean k\u1ebft Si-O trong t\u1ee9 di\u1ec7n [SiO\u2084] r\u1ea5t b\u1ec1n, mang l\u1ea1i cho th\u1ea1ch anh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng 7 tr\u00ean thang Mohs. Th\u1ea1ch anh c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu axit (tr\u1eeb HF), \u00edt tan trong dung d\u1ecbch KOH v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y cao (1710\u20131756\u00b0C), ngu\u1ed9i d\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh silica n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y (th\u1ee7y tinh th\u1ea1ch anh) khi \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ea1ch anh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho\u00e1ng v\u1eadt silicat c\u1ee9ng, ch\u1ecbu m\u00e0i m\u00f2n, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Th\u1ea1ch anh th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u ho\u1eb7c tr\u1eafng s\u1eefa, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u s\u1eafc kh\u00e1c nhau do t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t. Th\u1ea1ch anh trong m\u1edd, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng 7, v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t v\u1ecf s\u00f2 gi\u00f2n, \u00e1nh th\u1ee7y tinh v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang 2,65. Th\u1ea1ch anh th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng quang h\u1ecdc, t\u00ednh \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t k\u00e9m, kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh d\u1ecb h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n, nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

2 Qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9: B\u1ea3y lo\u1ea1i t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u1ea1ch anh<\/mark><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ea1ch anh ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. Hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00f3 b\u1ea3y lo\u1ea1i m\u1ecf c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u00ednh khai th\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n th\u1ea1ch anh: Tinh th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, \u0110\u00e1 sa th\u1ea1ch th\u1ea1ch anh, Th\u1ea1ch anh, Th\u1ea1ch anh m\u1ea1ch, Th\u1ea1ch anh b\u1ed9t, C\u00e1t silica t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 Th\u1ea1ch anh granit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pha l\u00ea t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t tinh th\u1ec3 th\u1ea1ch anh l\u1edbn, kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u, trong su\u1ed1t, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu bao g\u1ed3m silica dioxide. N\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong c\u00e1c h\u1ed1c, khe n\u1ee9t, kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ee9t g\u00e3y \u0111\u00e1 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi kh\u00f4ng gian r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng th\u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7t gi\u00e0u silica, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9\/\u00e1p su\u1ea5t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ee7 d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e1 sa th\u1ea1ch th\u1ea1ch anh<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e1 tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch c\u00e1t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea1ch anh v\u00e0 silic th\u01b0\u1eddng >95%. Kho\u00e1ng v\u1eadt ph\u1ee5 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 fenspat, mica v\u00e0 kho\u00e1ng s\u00e9t, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt kho\u00e1ng v\u1eadt n\u1eb7ng. Xi m\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 silic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e1 th\u1ea1ch anh<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e1 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb sa th\u1ea1ch th\u1ea1ch anh ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1 silic kh\u00e1c th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac khu v\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac nhi\u1ec7t. C\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng v\u1eadt li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m fenspat, mica, kho\u00e1ng s\u00e9t v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf tourmaline, hematit v\u00e0 zircon. So v\u1edbi sa th\u1ea1ch th\u1ea1ch anh, sa th\u1ea1ch th\u1ea1ch anh \u0111\u1eb7c h\u01a1n, c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ea1ch anh v\u00e2n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7t magma li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1 granit. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u1ed1i, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kho\u00e1ng v\u1eadt \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n (g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 th\u1ea1ch anh), v\u1edbi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng SiO\u2082 th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean 99%. C\u00e1c m\u1ecf th\u1ea1ch anh m\u1ea1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf, ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 d\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y t\u1eeb v\u00e0i m\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c m\u00e9t v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i t\u1eeb v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i tr\u0103m m\u00e9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ea1ch anh d\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9t (Ammosite)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Qu\u1eb7ng th\u1ea1ch anh d\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t r\u1ea5t m\u1ecbn v\u00e0 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng SiO\u2082 cao. N\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e1 m\u1eb9 silic b\u1ecb phong h\u00f3a, t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch phong h\u00f3a. \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9, kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u1ed5 \u1ea9m \u1ea5m \u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh c\u1ed5 \u00f4n h\u00f2a khi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1 silic b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed1n tr\u00f4i t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1t Silica t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n kho\u00e1ng th\u1ea1ch anh c\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh do qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh phong h\u00f3a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1 m\u1eb9 nh\u01b0 granit, th\u1ea1ch anh, sa th\u1ea1ch th\u1ea1ch anh v\u00e0 th\u1ea1ch anh m\u1ea1ch. C\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng v\u1eadt li\u00ean quan bao g\u1ed3m fenspat, m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee5n \u0111\u00e1, mica, kho\u00e1ng s\u00e9t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng v\u1eadt n\u1eb7ng nh\u01b0 zircon, tourmaline, ilmenit v\u00e0 amphibole. Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ecf c\u00e1t tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 h\u1ed3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ea1ch anh granit<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u00fd do c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty nh\u01b0 d\u00f2ng IOTA c\u1ee7a Sibelco \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c th\u1ea1ch anh tinh khi\u1ebft cao ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd - th\u1ea1ch anh granit t\u1eeb Spruce Pine, B\u1eafc Carolina, Hoa K\u1ef3. M\u1ecf th\u1ea1ch anh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y fenspat v\u00e0 muscovite, th\u1ea1ch anh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ee5 th\u1ea3i. V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970, khi ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean tinh th\u1ec3 cho th\u1ee7y tinh th\u1ea1ch anh c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t, vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n thay th\u1ebf tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft. Nh\u1edd c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 tuy\u1ec3n n\u1ed5i c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn, th\u1ea1ch anh t\u1eeb pegmatit granit \u0111\u00e3 thay th\u1ebf tinh th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1t th\u1ea1ch anh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao, m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u1eabn th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3 Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i: \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a th\u1ea1ch anh<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ea1ch anh c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. Sau nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n x\u1eed l\u00fd, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1ee7y tinh, \u0111\u00fac, g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, khai th\u00e1c d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf, l\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, quang \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi, ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, s\u1ee3i quang, quang h\u1ecdc, ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1ee3i cao c\u1ea5p, ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, v.v.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ee7y tinh l\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 th\u1ea1ch anh l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, \u00f4 t\u00f4, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 y t\u1ebf. C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m k\u00ednh ph\u1eb3ng, k\u00ednh h\u1ed9p, k\u00ednh c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ef1c, k\u00ednh quang \u0111i\u1ec7n, k\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 k\u00ednh d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103m 2021, s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea1t 10,17 tri\u1ec7u h\u1ed9p k\u00ednh, ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 kho\u1ea3ng 34,06 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n c\u00e1t th\u1ea1ch anh. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u qu\u1ed1c gia cho th\u1ea5y n\u0103m 2023, Trung Qu\u1ed1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t 9,69 tri\u1ec7u h\u1ed9p k\u00ednh ph\u1eb3ng (ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 kho\u1ea3ng 32,47 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n c\u00e1t th\u1ea1ch anh) v\u00e0 24,78 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n k\u00ednh c\u00e1n PV (ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 kho\u1ea3ng 17,6 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n c\u00e1t th\u1ea1ch anh h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1eaft th\u1ea5p v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 kho\u1ea3ng 0,71 t\u1ea5n\/t\u1ea5n k\u00ednh). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ri\u00eang k\u00ednh ph\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 k\u00ednh PV \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 h\u01a1n 50 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n c\u00e1t th\u1ea1ch anh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2023. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nhu c\u1ea7u h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, \u00f4 t\u00f4, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb gia d\u1ee5ng, quang \u0111i\u1ec7n (PV), container h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, kho\u1ea3ng 75% li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n; nhu c\u1ea7u k\u00ednh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd t\u0103ng ch\u1eadm do s\u1ef1 suy tho\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau "K\u00e9p Carbon", vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t quang \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng nhu c\u1ea7u k\u00ednh quang \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ecbn ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ee7y tinh kh\u00e1c nhau, vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fac m\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n th\u1ea1ch anh chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e1t huy t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u, mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ed1i \u01b0u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng cao c\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t IC b\u00e1n d\u1eabn l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip, bao g\u1ed3m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tinh th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t wafer, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip IC v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i. C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi kh\u1eaft khe nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t wafer silicon v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o wafer. Th\u1ea1ch anh ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho n\u1ed3i n\u1ea5u th\u1ea1ch anh c\u1ea5p b\u00e1n d\u1eabn v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t wafer. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ea1ch anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o wafer silicon v\u00e0 wafer \u1edf c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n, oxy h\u00f3a, l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc. C\u00e1t th\u1ea1ch anh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao 5N2 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o n\u1ed3i n\u1ea5u th\u1ea1ch anh b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, trong khi c\u00e1t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft 4N v\u00e0 4N8 d\u00e0nh cho v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u1ea1ch anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a v\u00e0 khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n wafer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ee3i quang<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1edd vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u00f4ng tin quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng c\u00e1p quang to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng. Trung Qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t. Ph\u00f4i s\u1ee3i l\u00e0 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Th\u1ee7y tinh th\u1ea1ch anh l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n cho s\u1ee3i. Ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n th\u1ea1ch anh v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng v\u1ecf l\u00e0 \u1ed1ng th\u1ea1ch anh cao c\u1ea5p, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ph\u00f4i. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1eeb C\u00f4ng ty TNHH C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Jiuzhi Guangdianzicail v\u00e0 Ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m Tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t C\u00e1p v\u00e0 S\u1ee3i quang \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9t th\u1ea1ch anh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng pha r\u1eafn Plasma (PSOD) \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1ed1ng v\u1ecf th\u1ea1ch anh c\u1ee1 l\u1edbn cho ph\u00f4i s\u1ee3i \u0111\u01a1n mode. S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hydroxyl th\u1ea5p, \u00edt t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t, th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u1edbn v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ee7y tinh h\u00f3a t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u ph\u00f4i s\u1ee3i \u0111\u01a1n mode. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi cho s\u1ee3i suy hao th\u1ea5p v\u1edbi tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng r\u1ed9ng m\u1edf trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c s\u1ee3i truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng si\u00eau suy hao th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3ng nh\u1ea5t<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, \u201cB\u1ed9 ba m\u1edbi\u201d \u2013 xe n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi, pin lithium v\u00e0 pin quang \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u2013 \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ee9c h\u00fat cho ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u, t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c m\u1edbi cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong chu\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p quang \u0111i\u1ec7n (PV), s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ea1ch anh \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh k\u00ednh PV l\u00e0m t\u1eeb c\u00e1t th\u1ea1ch anh si\u00eau trong, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1eaft th\u1ea5p, n\u1ed3i n\u1ea5u th\u1ea1ch anh l\u00e0m t\u1eeb c\u00e1t th\u1ea1ch anh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ea1ch anh g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00e9n nung th\u1ea1ch anh, m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ee7y tinh th\u1ea1ch anh chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t silicon tinh th\u1ec3 b\u00e1n d\u1eabn v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 v\u1eadt t\u01b0 ti\u00eau hao. So v\u1edbi c\u00e1t th\u1ea1ch anh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1t th\u1ea1ch anh tinh khi\u1ebft cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. L\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i, \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1t th\u1ea1ch anh l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t n\u1ed3i nung v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"m\u00e1y
M\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n bi c\u1ee7a Epic Powder<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n b\u1ed9t th\u1ea1ch anh Epic<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n