{"id":16306,"date":"2026-01-14T06:28:30","date_gmt":"2026-01-14T06:28:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/quartz-grinding.com\/?p=16306"},"modified":"2026-01-14T06:30:01","modified_gmt":"2026-01-14T06:30:01","slug":"mineralogical-characteristics-and-processing-technology-advances-of-high-purity-quartz-raw-materials","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.quartz-grinding.com\/vi\/mineralogical-characteristics-and-processing-technology-advances-of-high-purity-quartz-raw-materials\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m kho\u00e1ng v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ea1ch anh tinh khi\u1ebft cao"},"content":{"rendered":"

Th\u1ea1ch anh tinh khi\u1ebft cao l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t phi kim lo\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u cao. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n cao c\u1ea5p, m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 si\u00eau l\u1edbn, quang \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, s\u1ee3i quang, h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1. Do t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia, th\u1ea1ch anh tinh khi\u1ebft cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. Ngay t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2010, Li\u00ean minh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 quan tr\u1ecdng. Hi\u1ec7n nay, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt c\u00f4ng ty tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea1ch anh n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh h\u00e3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"m\u00e1y<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea3ng 1 Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ea1ch anh tinh khi\u1ebft cao<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft (H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng SiO\u2082)<\/th>>99.99%<\/th>>99.997%<\/th>>99.999%<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh<\/strong><\/td>\u1ed0ng \u0111\u00e8n ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t cao, \u1ed1ng th\u1ea1ch anh nung ch\u1ea3y, th\u1ee7y tinh th\u1ea1ch anh, b\u1ed9t silica, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb quang h\u1ecdc, th\u1ee7y tinh quang h\u1ecdc th\u1ea1ch anh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, v.v.<\/td>N\u1ed3i n\u1ea5u silicon \u0111\u01a1n tinh th\u1ec3, n\u1ed3i n\u1ea5u silicon \u0111a tinh th\u1ec3, th\u1ee7y tinh th\u1ea1ch anh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1eeb th\u1ea1ch anh, s\u1ee3i quang v\u00e0 c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n quang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed li\u00ean quan, v.v.<\/td>N\u1ed3i nung Czochralski (CZ), th\u1ee7y tinh th\u1ea1ch anh si\u00eau tinh khi\u1ebft d\u00f9ng cho ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, n\u1ed3i nung th\u1ea1ch anh cao c\u1ea5p d\u00f9ng cho ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn.<\/td><\/tr>
\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Gi\u00e1 (USD\/t\u1ea5n)<\/strong><\/td>600 ~ 1500<\/td>5,500 ~ 8,500<\/td>12,000 ~ 15,000<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a th\u1ea1ch anh tinh khi\u1ebft cao<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. M\u00fcller A. v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 (2007) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea1ch anh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, cho r\u1eb1ng th\u1ea1ch anh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed (ppm): Al < 30, B < 1, Ca < 5, Fe < 3, K < 8, Li < 5, Na < 8, Ti < 10, P < 2, v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t < 50 ppm. Zhang Ye v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 (2010) l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1t th\u1ea1ch anh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 15 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t (Al, K, Na, Li, Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ti, Zr, Cu, Cr, Ni, P, B) nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 22,26 ppm. \u201cH\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ea7u cho c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi quan tr\u1ecdng (phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n 2018)\u201d c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ea1ch anh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 12 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t (Fe, Mg, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mn, Ca, Al, Na, Li, K, B) nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 6 ppm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c bao th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng, th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p trong th\u1ea1ch anh, l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh g\u00e2y ra b\u1ecdt kh\u00ed trong c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ea1ch anh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, th\u1ea1ch anh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee9a r\u1ea5t \u00edt bao th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng. Quan s\u00e1t cho th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed sau: t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch bao th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i h\u1ea1t <1%; d\u01b0\u1edbi k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi (v\u1eadt k\u00ednh 10X, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t trung b\u00ecnh 0,1mm), c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t ch\u1ee9a bao th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng <1%; t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng do nhi\u1ec7t <15 ppm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea3ng 2 C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng th\u1ea1ch anh tinh khi\u1ebft cao US Unimin IOTA (ppm) [9]<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/th>Al<\/th>B<\/th>Ca<\/th>Cr<\/th>\u0110\u1ed3ng<\/th>S\u1eaft<\/th>K<\/th>Li<\/th>Mg<\/th>Mn<\/th>Na<\/th>Ni<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
IOTA \u2013 Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/td>16.2<\/td>0.08<\/td>0.5<\/td><0,05<\/td><0,05<\/td>0.23<\/td>0.60<\/td>0.90<\/td><0,05<\/td><0,05<\/td>0.9<\/td><0,05<\/td><\/tr>
IOTA \u2013 4<\/td>8.0<\/td>0.04<\/td>0.6<\/td><0,05<\/td><0,05<\/td>0.3<\/td>0.35<\/td>0.15<\/td><0,05<\/td><0,05<\/td>0.9<\/td><0,05<\/td><\/tr>
IOTA \u2013 6<\/td>8.0<\/td>0.04<\/td>0.6<\/td><0,05<\/td><0,05<\/td>0.15<\/td>0.07<\/td>0.15<\/td><0,05<\/td><0,05<\/td>0.08<\/td><0,05<\/td><\/tr>
IOTA \u2013 8<\/td>7.0<\/td><0,04<\/td>0.5<\/td><0,02<\/td><0,02<\/td><0,03<\/td><0,04<\/td><0,02<\/td><0,02<\/td><0,02<\/td>–<\/td><0,02<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

L\u01b0u \u00fd: D\u1ea5u \u201c-\u201d bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u1ea1ch anh tinh khi\u1ebft cao<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tinh th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (lo\u1ea1i I & II). V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao, ngu\u1ed3n tinh th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111ang c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhu c\u1ea7u. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970, M\u1ef9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng pegmatit granit, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng pegmatit h\u1ea1t m\u1ecbn, trong khi Nga v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ea1ch anh bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u1ea1ch anh m\u1ea1ch. Hi\u1ec7n nay, kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea1ch anh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m kho\u00e1ng v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u1ea1ch anh tinh khi\u1ebft cao<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"m\u00e1y<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ea1ch anh tinh khi\u1ebft cao kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t trong nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n li\u00ean quan m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn... kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd<\/em> H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kho\u00e1ng v\u1eadt trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i qu\u1eb7ng th\u1ea1ch anh kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m kho\u00e1ng v\u1eadt ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a qu\u1eb7ng, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u\/tinh ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc cho bi\u1ebft lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1ch anh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao. T\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed (xem B\u1ea3ng 3 \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea3ng 3 C\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t trong nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u1ea1ch anh [1,12]<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/th>Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i x\u1ea3y ra<\/th>H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3<\/th>Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/th>Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i x\u1ea3y ra<\/th>H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Al<\/td>\u0110\u1ed3ng h\u00ecnh
Kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/td>		C\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 trong th\u1ea1ch anh, mica, feldspar, kho\u00e1ng s\u00e9t<\/td>Ti<\/td>\u0110\u1ed3ng h\u00ecnh
Kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/td>		C\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 trong th\u1ea1ch anh, rutile<\/td><\/tr>
S\u1eaft<\/td>\u0110\u1ed3ng h\u00ecnh
Kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/td>		C\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 trong th\u1ea1ch anh, oxit s\u1eaft, c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t kho\u00e1ng r\u1eafn.<\/td>Ge<\/td>\u0110\u1ed3ng h\u00ecnh
Khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/td>		C\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 trong th\u1ea1ch anh<\/td><\/tr>
Li<\/td>\u0110\u1ed3ng h\u00ecnh
Bao g\u1ed3m<\/td>		C\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 trong th\u1ea1ch anh, pha l\u1ecfng trong c\u00e1c bao th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng<\/td>Mg<\/td>\u0110\u1ed3ng h\u00ecnh
Bao g\u1ed3m<\/td>		Tinh th\u1ec3 th\u1ea1ch anh, t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t mica<\/td><\/tr>
K<\/td>\u0110\u1ed3ng h\u00ecnh
Bao g\u1ed3m<\/td>		C\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 trong th\u1ea1ch anh, mica, kho\u00e1ng s\u00e9t, pha l\u1ecfng trong c\u00e1c bao th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng<\/td>Ca<\/td>Bao th\u1ec3 kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/td>C\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 fluorit, pha l\u1ecfng trong c\u00e1c bao th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng.<\/td><\/tr>
Na<\/td>\u0110\u1ed3ng h\u00ecnh
Bao g\u1ed3m<\/td>		C\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 trong th\u1ea1ch anh, t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t mica, pha l\u1ecfng trong c\u00e1c bao th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng<\/td>-\u1ed2<\/td>\u0110\u1ed3ng h\u00ecnh
Khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/td>		C\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 trong th\u1ea1ch anh<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

2. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf quy tr\u00ecnh tinh ch\u1ebf t\u1ed1i \u01b0u, c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh... ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c x\u1ea3y ra<\/em> Vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t \u0111i k\u00e8m \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: mica, feldspar, hematit, tourmaline, chlorit, kho\u00e1ng s\u00e9t) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t mang t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c bao th\u1ec3 kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kho\u00e1ng h\u00f3a, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac xen k\u1ebd gi\u1eefa th\u1ea1ch anh v\u00e0 kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t \u0111i k\u00e8m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 tinh ch\u1ebf. S\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t\/bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac xen k\u1ebd, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb d\u1ea1ng li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1 sang d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e2u n\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed d\u1ea1ng bao b\u1ecdc, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • H\u00ecnh 1(a): Pegmatit granit t\u1eeb Spruce Pine, Hoa K\u1ef3 \u2014 kho\u00e1ng v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u01b0ng th\u1ea1ch anh d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u00e1ch ra, ch\u1ee9a r\u1ea5t \u00edt t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • H\u00ecnh 1(b): Th\u1ea1ch anh d\u1ea1ng m\u1ea1ch t\u1eeb Thanh H\u1ea3i, Trung Qu\u1ed1c\u2014h\u1ea1t th\u00f4, tinh khi\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf muscovit \u1edf ranh gi\u1edbi\/m\u00e9p h\u1ea1t, d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u00e1ch ra, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c >99,99% SiO\u2082, Al <10 ppm sau khi x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • H\u00ecnh 1(c): Tinh qu\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 tinh ch\u1ebf cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i dai d\u1eb3ng \u2014 v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t b\u1ecb gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i \u1edf trong<\/em> C\u00e1c h\u1ea1t th\u1ea1ch anh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Th\u1ea1ch anh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t k\u00e9m v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1ch anh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    3 Bao th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    C\u00f3 m\u1eb7t kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i trong kho\u00e1ng v\u1eadt\/\u0111\u00e1 (10\u00b2\u201310\u2079 tr\u00ean cm\u00b3, th\u01b0\u1eddng <50 \u00b5m). Lo\u1ea1i, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n: kh\u00ed, l\u1ecfng, kh\u00ed-l\u1ecfng, ba pha. Ch\u00fang ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t (Na, K, Ca, v.v.) v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c bao th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn th\u1ea1ch anh c\u00f3 \u00edt ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bao th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    4. T\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 thay th\u1ebf cho Si\u2074\u207a trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh tinh th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p, ch\u00fang c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 kh\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf v\u00e0 l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u thay th\u1ebf: 1) Thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb (Ti\u2074\u207a, Ge\u2074\u207a); 2) Thay th\u1ebf k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p (Al\u00b3\u207a + P\u2075\u207a cho 2Si\u2074\u207a); 3) Thay th\u1ebf b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch (Al\u00b3\u207a, Fe\u00b3\u207a cho Si\u2074\u207a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng b\u1edfi Li\u207a, Na\u207a, K\u207a, H\u207a). H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Al th\u01b0\u1eddng cao nh\u1ea5t. S\u1ef1 thay th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch, th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Li, K, Na cao h\u01a1n. H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Al c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho bi\u1ebft ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4. V\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t trong m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    H\u00ecnh 2 cho th\u1ea5y k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch SEM-EDS c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t th\u1ea1ch anh d\u1ea1ng m\u1ea1ch sau qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t \u00e1p su\u1ea5t. Al \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u (H\u00ecnh 2b), ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng h\u1ea1t, cho th\u1ea5y Al li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 Mg kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng (H\u00ecnh 2c). Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch GFAAS\/AAS cho th\u1ea5y Al = 13,92 ppm, Mg = 0,59 ppm sau qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd, cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed9 trong vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf Al li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    1. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      C\u00e1c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng th\u1ea1ch anh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed sau: h\u1ea1t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc cao, \u00edt\/kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t l\u1edbn, \u00edt t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t kho\u00e1ng\/ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t \u0111i k\u00e8m th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u1ea1ch anh tinh khi\u1ebft cao \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
      \"b\u1ed9<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

      M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u1ea1ch anh r\u1ea5t d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o, nh\u01b0ng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao ch\u1ec9 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. R\u1ea5t \u00edt m\u1ecf ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, v\u1edbi quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c: magma, bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t, th\u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7t (xem B\u1ea3ng 4 \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m\/v\u00ed d\u1ee5).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ecf pegmatit granit Spruce Pine (M\u1ef9), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh d\u01b0\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1ee5c Alleghanian th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i k\u1ebft tinh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1t m\u1edbi th\u00f4ng qua ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea1ch anh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao v\u1edbi \u00edt t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Th\u1ea1ch anh pegmatit magma k\u1ebft tinh ch\u1eadm t\u1eeb magma nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, cho ph\u00e9p t\u00e1ch t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t, t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao v\u00e0 \u00edt bao th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      B\u1ea3ng 4 \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a th\u1ea1ch anh thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i di truy\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh [18]<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea1ch anh c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c di truy\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c nhau<\/th>\u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng<\/th>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
      Lo\u1ea1i magma<\/strong><\/td>Th\u1ea1ch anh granit<\/td>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh (700 \u00b0C \u2013 1.000 \u00b0C), c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t th\u1ea1ch anh tinh khi\u1ebft v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bao th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng.<\/td><\/tr>
      Lo\u1ea1i bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/td>Th\u1ea1ch anh bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t cao c\u1ea5p<\/td>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh (750 \u2013 900 \u00b0C), h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bao th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng th\u1ea5p.<\/td><\/tr>
      <\/td>Th\u1ea1ch anh bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t<\/td>Th\u1eddi gian h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e0ng l\u00e2u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t c\u00e0ng d\u1eef d\u1ed9i th\u00ec th\u1ea1ch anh c\u00e0ng tinh khi\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00e0ng \u00edt t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng.<\/td><\/tr>
      Lo\u1ea1i t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7t<\/strong><\/td>Th\u1ea1ch anh pegmatit giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u<\/td>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh 600 \u2013 700 \u00b0C, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb 2 \u2013 6 mm, trong su\u1ed1t, tinh th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t, \u00edt bao th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng.<\/td><\/tr>
      <\/td>Tinh th\u1ec3 pegmatit giai \u0111o\u1ea1n gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i<\/td>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh: 500 \u2013 600 \u00b0C.<\/td><\/tr>
      <\/td>Th\u1ea1ch anh m\u1ea1ch nhi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch<\/td>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh 400 \u2013 500 \u00b0C, trong su\u1ed1t \u2013 b\u00e1n trong su\u1ed1t, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bao th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ea5p.<\/td><\/tr>
      <\/td>Th\u1ea1ch anh m\u1ea1ch nhi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch<\/td>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh 50 \u2013 400 \u00b0C, m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng \u2013 tr\u1eafng s\u1eefa, ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c bao th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng nh\u1ecf li ti.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

      Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kho\u00e1ng v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc chi ti\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o: 1) C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t kho\u00e1ng; 2) H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng; 3) H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u1ea1ch anh tinh khi\u1ebft cao<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
      \"D\u00e2y
      D\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ea1ch anh <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

      M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 t\u00e1ch c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc: 1) Nghi\u1ec1n nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch th\u1ea1ch anh kh\u1ecfi t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau; 2) C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      1. X\u1eed l\u00fd s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n s\u1eaft, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ZrO\u2082 ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u1ecdc m\u00e3 n\u00e3o. Nghi\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t<\/strong> (Nung n\u00f3ng r\u1ed3i l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i nhanh) l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng\/n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t nh\u1ecf gi\u00fap tinh ch\u1ebf h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. Ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh xung \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u00f3ng xung k\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 th\u1ea1ch anh d\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1t gi\u00e0u t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      2. T\u00e1ch c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 bao g\u1ed3m ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, ch\u00e0 r\u1eeda, t\u00e1ch b\u1eb1ng tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c, t\u00e1ch t\u1eeb<\/strong>, V\u00e0 tuy\u1ec3n n\u1ed5i<\/strong> (xem B\u1ea3ng 5). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

      B\u1ea3ng 5 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u00e1ch kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ea1ch anh [23-25]<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00e1ch<\/th>Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc<\/th>C\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf<\/th>\u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
      Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0u s\u1eafc<\/td>T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t quang h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a kho\u00e1ng v\u1eadt<\/td>C\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 m\u00e0u s\u1eabm, th\u1ea1ch anh tr\u1eafng \u0111\u1ee5c, v.v.<\/td>R\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t th\u00f4.<\/td><\/tr>
      Ch\u00e0 r\u1eeda<\/td>Ma s\u00e1t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t<\/td>L\u1edbp b\u00f9n m\u1ecbn v\u00e0 m\u00e0ng oxit b\u00e1m d\u00ednh tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t th\u1ea1ch anh.<\/td>L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch b\u1eb1ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch b\u1eb1ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch b\u1eb1ng s\u00f3ng si\u00eau \u00e2m.<\/td><\/tr>
      Ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch b\u1eb1ng tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c<\/td>M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t<\/td>Mica, zircon, rutile, v.v. Hematit, magnetit, tourmaline, mica v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng v\u1eadt t\u1eeb t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c.<\/td>Thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb7c.<\/td><\/tr>
      T\u00e1ch t\u1eeb<\/td>T\u1eeb t\u00ednh kho\u00e1ng v\u1eadt<\/td><\/td>Ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch t\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/td><\/tr>
      Tuy\u1ec3n n\u1ed5i<\/td>T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t<\/td>Mica, fenspat, apatit, v.v.<\/td>Tuy\u1ec3n n\u1ed5i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c, nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

      Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u0111a t\u1ea7ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t t\u1eeb t\u00ednh. Tuy\u1ec3n n\u1ed5i t\u00e1ch c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t silicat nh\u01b0 mica v\u00e0 feldspar. Nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quy tr\u00ecnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a qu\u1eb7ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Sau qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ec1n x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u00e1ch v\u1eadt l\u00fd, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng SiO\u2082 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi ~99,9%, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao, v\u00ec c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t trong m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      3. T\u00e1ch c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t bao g\u1ed3m<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
      \"b\u1ed9t<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

      3.1 Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00f2a tan kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p axit<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

      Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00f2a tan c\u1ee7a th\u1ea1ch anh trong HF, trong khi c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t kho\u00e1ng kh\u00e1c h\u00f2a tan trong c\u00e1c axit (H\u2082SO\u2084, HCl, HNO\u2083, HF). H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p axit l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc (B\u1ea3ng 6) cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3<\/em> Ch\u00fang h\u00f2a tan trong axit ch\u1ee9a HF, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ch\u1eadm (h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng ~1,0\u20131,5). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

      B\u1ea3ng 6 N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 do Gibbs c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y v\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t kho\u00e1ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong th\u1ea1ch anh trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p axit ch\u1ee9a HF \u1edf c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau [13]<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9\/\u00b0C<\/th>25<\/th>75<\/th>100<\/th>150<\/th>175<\/th>200<\/th>225<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
      Feldspar kali<\/strong> \u0394rGT<\/td>\u2013403.2<\/td>\u2013451,86<\/td>-474,98<\/td>\u2013517,36<\/td>-536,08<\/td>-548,97<\/td>-583,72<\/td><\/tr>
      K<\/td>1.18<\/td>1.17<\/td>1.17<\/td>1.16<\/td>1.15<\/td>1.15<\/td>1.15<\/td><\/tr>
      Albite<\/strong> \u0394rGT<\/td>\u2013409,22<\/td>\u2013455,41<\/td>\u2013477,36<\/td>-517,61<\/td>\u2013535,37<\/td>\u2013547,16<\/td>\u2013581,23<\/td><\/tr>
      K<\/td>1.18<\/td>1.17<\/td>1.18<\/td>1.16<\/td>1.15<\/td>1.15<\/td>1.15<\/td><\/tr>
      Anorthit<\/strong> \u0394rGT<\/td>-539,45<\/td>-571,71<\/td>\u2013586,77<\/td>-614,89<\/td>-628,75<\/td>\u2013635,14<\/td>-660,45<\/td><\/tr>
      K<\/td>1.24<\/td>1.22<\/td>1.21<\/td>1.19<\/td>1.18<\/td>1.18<\/td>1.17<\/td><\/tr>
      Diopside<\/strong> \u0394rGT<\/td>\u2013676,42<\/td>\u2013663,01<\/td>\u2013637,67<\/td>\u2013619,14<\/td>-595,78<\/td>-556,82<\/td>-556,92<\/td><\/tr>
      K<\/td>1.31<\/td>1.26<\/td>1.23<\/td>1.19<\/td>1.17<\/td>1.16<\/td>1.14<\/td><\/tr>
      ng\u01b0\u1eddi Muscovite<\/strong> \u0394rGT<\/td>-704,97<\/td>-768,97<\/td>-799,71<\/td>\u2013858,27<\/td>\u2013886,61<\/td>-905,49<\/td>-954,7<\/td><\/tr>
      K<\/td>1.33<\/td>1.3<\/td>1.29<\/td>1.28<\/td>1.27<\/td>1.27<\/td>1.26<\/td><\/tr>
      Spodumene<\/strong> \u0394rGT<\/td>\u20131015,6<\/td>\u20131060,2<\/td>\u20131078,3<\/td>\u20131108,4<\/td>\u20131123<\/td>\u20131124,5<\/td>\u20131145.1<\/td><\/tr>
      K<\/td>1.51<\/td>1.44<\/td>1.42<\/td>1.37<\/td>1.35<\/td>1.33<\/td>1.32<\/td><\/tr>
      Hematit<\/strong> \u0394rGT<\/td>-86,59<\/td>-80,44<\/td>\u201377,14<\/td>-72,39<\/td>-72,92<\/td>-68,75<\/td>-67,38<\/td><\/tr>
      K<\/td>1.04<\/td>1.03<\/td>1.03<\/td>1.02<\/td>1.02<\/td>1.02<\/td>1.02<\/td><\/tr>
      FeO<\/strong> \u0394rGT<\/td>\u2013111,77<\/td>\u2013110,56<\/td>-110,09<\/td>-103,65<\/td>-105,58<\/td>\u2013105,2<\/td>-106,15<\/td><\/tr>
      K<\/td>1.05<\/td>1.04<\/td>1.04<\/td>1.03<\/td>1.03<\/td>1.03<\/td>1.03<\/td><\/tr>
      Nam ch\u00e2m<\/strong> \u0394rGT<\/td>\u2013179,71<\/td>\u2013172,36<\/td>-168,59<\/td>\u2013164,2<\/td>\u2013166,58<\/td>-161,95<\/td>\u2013161,44<\/td><\/tr>
      K<\/td>1.08<\/td>1.06<\/td>1.06<\/td>1.05<\/td>1.05<\/td>1.04<\/td>1.04<\/td><\/tr>
      Pyrit<\/strong> \u0394rGT<\/td>\u2013161,69<\/td>\u2013187,38<\/td>\u2013203,87<\/td>\u2013241,16<\/td>\u2013260,4<\/td>-285,45<\/td>\u2013307,56<\/td><\/tr>
      K<\/td>1.07<\/td>1.07<\/td>1.07<\/td>1.07<\/td>1.07<\/td>1.08<\/td>1.08<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

      Ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/strong> Vi\u1ec7c bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft. X\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t chuy\u1ec3n pha<\/strong> (Nung n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng 573\u00b0C \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n pha \u03b1-\u03b2 ho\u1eb7c 1470\u00b0C \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cristobalite, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i nhanh) s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf th\u1ec3 t\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t, l\u00e0m l\u1ed9 c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t. Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m: c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb th\u1ee7y tinh h\u00f3a \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c oxit\/nitrit b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      3.2 S\u1ef1 v\u1ee1 bao th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

      Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia nhi\u1ec7t khi\u1ebfn \u00e1p su\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng, l\u00e0m v\u1ee1 c\u00e1c bao th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1eeda b\u1eb1ng axit sau \u0111\u00f3. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1ee1: c\u00e1c bao th\u1ec3 gi\u00e0u ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng v\u1ee1 g\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t h\u00f3a; c\u00e1c bao th\u1ec3 gi\u00e0u h\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc (B\u1ea3ng 7) cho th\u1ea5y \u00e1p su\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bao th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bao th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng h\u01a1i \u1edf c\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      3.3 Clo h\u00f3a (Bay h\u01a1i clorua)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

      Vi\u1ec7c nung n\u00f3ng th\u1ea1ch anh \u0111\u1ebfn 1000\u20131500\u00b0C d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Cl\u2082, HCl ho\u1eb7c h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00ed s\u1ebd l\u00e0m bay h\u01a1i c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t kim lo\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng clorua v\u00e0 gi\u00fap lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c bao th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng\/nh\u00f3m hydroxyl. \u0110\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c th\u1ebf n\u0103ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n c\u1ee7a bao th\u1ec3. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Mao Lingwen v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1) cho th\u1ea5y n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 [OH\u207b] gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb 35 ppm xu\u1ed1ng 20,5 ppm \u1edf 1250\u00b0C trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cl\u2082. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft Me-O \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra th\u00f4ng qua ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ebf. N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft thay \u0111\u1ed5i (xem B\u1ea3ng 8): <\/p>\n\n\n\n

      B\u1ea3ng 8 N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft Me\u2013O trong silicat [13]<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      T\u00f4i<\/td>Si\u2074\u207a<\/td>Mn\u00b2\u207a<\/td>Cu\u00b2\u207a<\/td>Ca\u00b2\u207a<\/td>Mn\u00b2\u207a<\/td>Pb\u00b2\u207a<\/td>Ti\u2074\u207a<\/td><\/tr>
      N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft (KJ\/mol)<\/td>10.312 \u2013 13.146<\/td>3,745<\/td>3,598<\/td>3,510<\/td>3,816<\/td>3,469<\/td>12,058<\/td><\/tr>
      T\u00f4i<\/td>Al\u00b3\u207a<\/td>Zn\u00b2\u207a<\/td>Fe\u00b3\u207a<\/td>Li\u207a<\/td>Na\u207a<\/td>K\u207a<\/td>Ba\u00b2\u207a<\/td><\/tr>
      N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft (KJ\/mol)<\/td>7.201 \u2013 7.858<\/td>3,037<\/td>3,845<\/td>1,469<\/td>1,347<\/td>1,251<\/td>3,213<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

      C\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft kim lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec1m (Li, Na, K)-O y\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf do vai tr\u00f2 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch. C\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft Fe, Cu, Ca, Mn-O d\u1ec5 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft Al, Ti-O m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t, khi\u1ebfn Al v\u00e0 Ti tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 kh\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: th\u1ea1ch anh \u2192 cristobalite \u1edf ~1500\u00b0C), c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1\/t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o, m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf (tr\u1ee5c c: 5,404\u00c5 \u2192 6,971\u00c5), c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng N\u2082 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a th\u1ea1ch anh, c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t clo h\u00f3a (HCl, NH\u2084Cl, Cl\u2082) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c clorua d\u1ec5 bay h\u01a1i. S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n pha \u0111i k\u00e8m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p khi l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: Ma Chao: \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m kho\u00e1ng v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u1ea1ch anh tinh khi\u1ebft cao, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      B\u1ed9t Epic<\/mark><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
      \n