{"id":16436,"date":"2026-05-29T07:54:59","date_gmt":"2026-05-29T07:54:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.quartz-grinding.com\/?p=16436"},"modified":"2026-05-29T07:55:02","modified_gmt":"2026-05-29T07:55:02","slug":"quartz-vs-fused-quartz-two-completely-different-materials","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.quartz-grinding.com\/vi\/quartz-vs-fused-quartz-two-completely-different-materials\/","title":{"rendered":"Th\u1ea1ch anh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 th\u1ea1ch anh nung ch\u1ea3y: Hai ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c nhau."},"content":{"rendered":"

Th\u1ea1ch anh xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 tin t\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. T\u1eeb b\u1ed9 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng tinh th\u1ec3 trong \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eb7t b\u00e0n b\u1ebfp, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu n\u00f3. C\u00f2n v\u1ec1 th\u1ea1ch anh nung ch\u1ea3y, c\u00e1i t\u00ean nghe c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 th\u1ea1ch anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nung ch\u1ea3y. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. Ch\u00fang ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau: m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, trong khi c\u00e1i kia l\u00e0 th\u1ee7y tinh nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang kh\u00e1c nhau r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

01 S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/mark><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa hai ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m \u1edf th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ea1ch anh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t tinh th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. S\u00e2u trong l\u1edbp v\u1ecf Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t trong h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m. C\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed silic dioxide li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi ba chi\u1ec1u c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, th\u1ea1ch anh nung ch\u1ea3y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee7y tinh v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p. T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft s\u1ebd kh\u00e1c nhau. Khi th\u1ea1ch anh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nung ch\u1ea3y tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nung n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng 1750\u20131900\u00b0C. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn h\u01a1n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n silic d\u1ea1ng kh\u00ed c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao (nh\u01b0 silic tetraclorua, SiCl\u2084) v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i th\u1ee7y tinh trong ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao kho\u1ea3ng 1500\u20131600\u00b0C, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nung ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n t\u1ea7m xa v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 t\u1ea7m ng\u1eafn. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t khoa h\u1ecdc, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng si\u00eau l\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u00f3 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u cho m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

02 S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft<\/mark><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ea1ch anh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean lu\u00f4n ch\u1ee9a t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh tinh th\u1ec3 th\u1ea1ch anh, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 nh\u00f4m, natri v\u00e0 s\u1eaft t\u1eeb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a silic dioxide th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 99%. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c ion Fe\u00b2\u207a g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc trong ph\u1ed5 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y, trong khi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m hydroxyl (OH\u207b) g\u00e2y ra t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng b\u1ed5 sung trong ph\u1ed5 tia c\u1ef1c t\u00edm s\u00e2u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Qu\u1eb7ng
Qu\u1eb7ng th\u1ea1ch anh<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ea1ch anh nung ch\u1ea3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf th\u00eam trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft silicon dioxide tr\u00ean 99,99%, v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n t\u1ef7 (ppb). Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 tinh khi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

03 T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t quang h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ecdc<\/mark><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1. \u0110\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n tia UV \u1edf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac<\/mark><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Khi so s\u00e1nh tinh th\u1ec3 th\u1ea1ch anh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1edbi th\u1ea1ch anh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p nung ch\u1ea3y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eabn trong d\u1ea3i c\u1eadn c\u1ef1c t\u00edm (NUV) (300\u2013400 nm) kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3; th\u1ea1ch anh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean lo\u1ea1i quang h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong d\u1ea3i n\u00e0y. Ranh gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 n\u1eb1m \u1edf d\u1ea3i c\u1ef1c t\u00edm s\u00e2u (DUV, <250 nm): do c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 Fe v\u00e0 Al, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3, th\u1ea1ch anh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 trong d\u1ea3i c\u1ef1c t\u00edm s\u00e2u, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady; ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, th\u1ea1ch anh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p nung ch\u1ea3y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao cho ph\u00e9p \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ef1c t\u00edm s\u00e2u (xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn 185 nm ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n) \u0111i qua g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn quang chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1eafc quang b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng laser excimer ArF (193 nm) v\u00e0 th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh quang h\u1ecdc c\u1ef1c t\u00edm s\u00e2u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. \u0110\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t<\/mark><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ea1ch anh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi hai m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, t\u00ednh d\u1ecb h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3\u2014x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 13,7\u00d710\u207b\u2076\/K d\u1ecdc theo tr\u1ee5c a v\u00e0 7,1\u00d710\u207b\u2076\/K d\u1ecdc theo tr\u1ee5c c. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c nung n\u00f3ng nhanh, \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng g\u00e2y ra n\u1ee9t v\u1ee1; nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 m\u1ecf c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 khai th\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch th\u1ea1ch anh r\u1ed3i l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u1ee9 hai, v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, th\u1ea1ch anh tr\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n pha \u03b1-\u03b2 \u1edf 573\u00b0C, k\u00e8m theo s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ec3 t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng 0,8%. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u00e0y, th\u1ea1ch anh s\u1ebd b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i\u2014m\u1ed9t khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nung n\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1eadm \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u1ea1ch anh nung ch\u1ea3y l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cao. L\u00fd do c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n n\u1eb1m \u1edf t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t cao c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c g\u00f3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft Si-O-Si v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng phonon \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng co ng\u00f3t theo chi\u1ec1u ngang trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nung n\u00f3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp cho s\u1ef1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea5p, kho\u1ea3ng 0,55\u00d710\u207b\u2076\/K\u2014thu\u1ed9c h\u00e0ng th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n hai m\u01b0\u01a1i so v\u1edbi th\u1ee7y tinh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n pha tinh th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi b\u1ea1n nung n\u00f3ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn khi n\u00f3 ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 nh\u00fang tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu s\u1ed1c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 t\u00e0u v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, k\u00e9o s\u1ee3i quang v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, n\u01a1i c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

04 T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c<\/mark><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ec3 th\u1ea1ch anh l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n. Khi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u1ef1c, m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra gi\u1eefa hai \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3; khi c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y qua, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd rung \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 do m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m kh\u00f4ng gian kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng t\u00e2m (h\u1ec7 tinh th\u1ec3 tam gi\u00e1c, nh\u00f3m \u0111i\u1ec3m 32). L\u1ef1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u00e2m d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p v\u0129 m\u00f4. Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 th\u1ea1ch anh v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong th\u1ea1ch anh nung ch\u1ea3y, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb3ng h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, do \u0111\u00f3 t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u00e2m lu\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng nhau, khi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n si\u00eau b\u1ec1n, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh tr\u01a1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t quang h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. V\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa hai lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u01b0\u1edfng. Tinh th\u1ec3 th\u1ea1ch anh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng Mohs x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 7, trong khi th\u1ea1ch anh nung ch\u1ea3y (th\u1ee7y tinh th\u1ea1ch anh) c\u0169ng n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 6,5 \u0111\u1ebfn 7 tr\u00ean thang Mohs, v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng Vickers kho\u1ea3ng 950\u20131000 HV\u2014t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi th\u1ea1ch anh \u0111\u01a1n tinh th\u1ec3. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

05. L\u00e0m r\u00f5 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/mark><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Trong gi\u1edbi chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, khi nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea1ch anh nung ch\u1ea3y, t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t n\u00ean h\u1ecfi: \u201cNguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng?\u201d \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u1edfi v\u00ec thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef ti\u1ebfng Trung v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Anh r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn trong ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao (nh\u01b0 SiCl\u2084) th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda pha kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi trong ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 "Fused Silica" ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea1ch anh nung ch\u1ea3y t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n tia c\u1ef1c t\u00edm s\u00e2u t\u1ed1i \u01b0u, v\u1edbi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng OH\u207b c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c quang h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 b\u00e1n d\u1eabn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb tinh th\u1ec3 th\u1ea1ch anh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cTh\u1ea1ch anh nung ch\u1ea3y\u201d, hay th\u1ea1ch anh nung ch\u1ea3y t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa so v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n tia c\u1ef1c t\u00edm s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 k\u00e9m h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, v\u00e0 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng OH\u207b th\u01b0\u1eddng cao h\u01a1n. V\u00ec v\u1eady, gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa hai lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00ecn chung, ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ee7y tinh th\u1ea1ch anh, m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef chung cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m silicon dioxide v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa silica nung ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 th\u1ea1ch anh nung ch\u1ea3y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong ng\u00e0nh. Khi mua c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n quang h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, hai thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thay th\u1ebf cho nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, th\u1ea1ch anh nung ch\u1ea3y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1ea1ch anh, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee7y tinh nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t. Trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c nhau, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t, truy\u1ec1n tia c\u1ef1c t\u00edm s\u00e2u ho\u1eb7c t\u00ednh tr\u01a1 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

06 T\u1eeb kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/mark><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"m\u00e1y
M\u00e1y s\u01a1n t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa th\u1ea1ch anh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 th\u1ea1ch anh nung ch\u1ea3y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u2014 nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong s\u1ee3i quang, in th\u1ea1ch b\u1ea3n b\u00e1n d\u1eabn ho\u1eb7c c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 t\u00e0u v\u0169 tr\u1ee5? Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ed9t ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn gi\u00fap thu h\u1eb9p kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb nghi\u1ec1n th\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn nghi\u1ec1n si\u00eau m\u1ecbn \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 micron, t\u1eeb ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt b\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1t th\u1ea1ch anh th\u00e0nh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. B\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u00ednh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea1ch anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n x\u1eed l\u00fd<\/strong><\/td>Lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/strong><\/td>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh<\/strong><\/td>M\u1ed1i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Nghi\u1ec1n si\u00eau m\u1ecbn<\/strong><\/td>M\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n phun t\u1ea7ng s\u00f4i (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: d\u00f2ng MQW)<\/a><\/td>Kh\u00f4ng l\u1eabn t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t kim lo\u1ea1i (Fe\u2082O\u2083 < 5 ppm); ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t h\u1eb9p; l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng Mohs 7<\/td>S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ed9t th\u1ea1ch anh tinh khi\u1ebft cao d\u00f9ng cho th\u1ea5u k\u00ednh quang h\u1ecdc, linh ki\u1ec7n in th\u1ea1ch b\u1ea3n b\u00e1n d\u1eabn v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed.\u00a0<\/td><\/tr>
Nghi\u1ec1n + Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/strong><\/td>M\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n bi + M\u00e1y ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: d\u00f2ng ITC)<\/a><\/td>K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t (D97 t\u1eeb 3 \u03bcm \u0111\u1ebfn 75 \u03bcm); ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p; \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao v\u1edbi t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn l\u1edbp l\u00f3t g\u1ed1m.<\/td>Cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ed9t th\u1ea1ch anh si\u00eau m\u1ecbn \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t cho n\u1ed3i n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y quang \u0111i\u1ec7n, g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u1ea5m \u0111\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o.<\/td><\/tr>
Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9t<\/strong><\/td>B\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/a><\/td>\u0110\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c D50 1\u201335 \u03bcm v\u1edbi Span < 1,2; c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed1m gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/td>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9n trong h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00fac epoxy v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u composite 5G.<\/td><\/tr>
Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/strong><\/td>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee7 Turbo Mill \/ Pin Mill<\/td>Nghi\u1ec1n + ph\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc; ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a \u2265 96%; l\u1ef1c c\u1eaft m\u1ea1nh ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t c\u1ee9ng.<\/td>T\u1ea1o ra b\u1ed9t th\u1ea1ch anh bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng cao v\u1edbi ma tr\u1eadn polymer \u2014 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp 5G g\u1ed1c epoxy v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u composite ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn.<\/td><\/tr>
V\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed n\u00e9n<\/strong><\/td>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n pha \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c \/ pha lo\u00e3ng<\/td>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh kh\u00e9p k\u00edn ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m; thao t\u00e1c nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t.\u00a0<\/td>V\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n b\u1ed9t th\u1ea1ch anh tinh khi\u1ebft cao th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a th\u00eam t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t si\u00eau m\u1ecbn d\u1ec5 v\u1ee1.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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Cho d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ea1ch anh tinh th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean hay s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t silica nung ch\u1ea3y t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nghi\u1ec1n, ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft, t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ea1ch anh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t, mang v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. Th\u1ea1ch anh nung ch\u1ea3y l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3, v\u1ec7 tinh, s\u1ee3i quang v\u00e0 m\u00e1y in th\u1ea1ch b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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